PAL & NTSC are just colour subcarrier encoding methods for ensuring compatibility between older B&W TV sets and the newer colour sets when colour was introduced. Not relevant to frame rate or shutter speed. The big issue is lack of global frame rate standards for broadcast and media distribution. The USA still use 30fps Europe & Australia etc. use 25fps. Neither frame rate is good for smooth motion playback as modern flat panel displays do not display interlacing the way it was intended on CRT monitors. In an ideal world, 48fps or 72fps as a global standard would eliminate a lot of display issues and simplify a lot of distribution problems. It's unlikely to happen due to the money not being available in a declining market. Also in my (many years) experience, new technology does not make the old stuff go away, it just adds more stuff to the top of the 'compost heap' of decaying technology. As an example, film is still with us even though modern digital world is solidly entrenched.

Degrees are shutter speed.

Besides shutter speed of 1/50 is still describing shutter speed. There is no difference. Simply communication.

Regardless of where it comes from we still need a method of describing how long the electronic shutter is kept open for.

What is nice about degrees is that it describes the length of exposure as a function of frame rate. If I were to set 25p and 180° shutter the exposure would be 1/50th sec. And if I were to set 50p and 180° shutter exposure would be 1/100th sec. So easier to work with, at least for normal frame rates: 24, 25, 30. 48, 50, 60 as frame rate and playback rate tend to have a life of their own...

Even with 180° shutter anything over 48 is described as 'video like' (whatever that means). Just something to considers. Personally we should be aiming towards 'life like' which is more of everything quite frankly.

Degrees are as good as anything man made. Maybe we should use radians? :-D. We also all count up in 10's (base 10) because we have 10 fingers! (Don't tell that to Sumerians- they had base 12- and invented degrees)

What is great about VK's example is that you can clearly see that the shutter is closed for half of the frame, (kind of)

So we measure the time the electronic shutter is kept open as a function of the frame rate and degrees.

at 25p, 180º shutter is 1/50th of a second.

@Brig

• Rolling shutter is an negative byproduct of sensor design and physics of current tech in 2016

• Shutter angle is simply the amount of time the electronic shutter is kept open.

No connection whatsoever.

You can have sensors that don't roll, they are called Global Sensors, but take a hit in Dynamic Range, possibly ISO, and possibly noise. This is not due to physical pixel sizes on sensor - rather the way in which the sensor data is read out, and buffered.

• 90º (for staccato - Saving Private Ryan style - which I actually wish was used in fast action situations instead of 180º because of some blur logic), lots of fast action in current 'super hero' films (most probably not on VK's safe list) stick to 180º regardless of the fact that everything on the screen is just one giant shade of grey.

• 180º normal, fluid motion

• 360º if you are in a super super super super super dark environment and want to make it look super super motion blured, (that bar scene in that Tom Cruise film...)

I have always been sceptical of adding motion blur... but most probably one day everything will be reconstructed anyway, ala- light field. But for now... do a test and decide what you like, maybe that effect looks good to you?

@caveport

But at least theory has some parts of logic in this. As 48/24=2. :-)

Btw many people have very strange theories about 48Khz origins and why it is used in video recording frequently.

@shian Lulz!

Think I might drill some holes in my Leicas to let some more light in.

sometimes a facepalm just isn't sufficient enough to express how utterly exasperated I am at the level of "durrrrr' there is in the world today. I used to cheer and laud the democratization of film technology - Making high quality tools available to the masses... now I'm kinda with banksy on this one.

"I used to encourage everyone I knew to make art; I don't do that so much anymore." -Banksy

I respect everyone's opinion, but:

Our brain percussive motion and flicker up to 90 fps or so. That's why 100-120 Hz is ideal in removing all unwanted flicker in our vision.

24 fps was chosen because of the 48 Khz audio sampling rate. They were thinking of using 48 fps but were technically limited by the technology of that time. This dos not mean that 24 fps has no magic in it, yes it has 100 years of great productions and we are accustomed to that look. I personalty love it in 2D films but I hate it in 3D. I think from 4K and beyond this whole thing will change and especially for 3D, the higher frame rates do indeed help make the immersion more real. I've watched the Hobbit 3D in both 24p cinemas and one projection in 48 fps (I loved the 48 fps image!). Of course it's debatable (like everything else) but in the end who cares. What I like others may not and vice versa.

I personally use the 180 degree shutter rule only when specially asked for and none of our clients were ever unsatisfied in this regard.

I use old Leica R lenses on the GH4. I try to keep my aperture as wide as possible.

Shooting with a 180 degree shutter does indeed create the most pleasing representation of motion. Unfortunately, I have found that all of the ND filters (B+H, Formatt, etc.) that I have tested result in an unacceptable loss of image quality. I have not tested the Heliopanbut I would be surprised if I did not get similar results at the higher grades (.9 and above).

I therefore shoot with high shutter speeds. (The GH4 goes up to 1/10,000.) The out of camera look is unacceptable of course. I add blur in post with ReelSmart. So far it provides the representation of motion comparable to shooting with a greater shutter angle.

I may indeed find scenes that contain motion that is incompatible with this approach and may need to shoot with ND filters at a true 180 angle. But so far I have not dealt with such a scene.

For dailies, the blur can be added almost instantaneously -- once the 4k shot is brought down to FHD. So no one need see the footage without the blur.

Just found this topic and have to agree with the op. I have always followed the 180 degree shutter rule, both in my professional and personal work to make it look what we would call 'filmic'. This has given me serious headaches in the past, especially in run and gun scenarios when trying to constantly control exposure by scrolling an nd filter around to make sure your scene is not blown out or too dark.

In controlled environments it is easy to use an nd but run and gun, when you are constantly moving around, changing from dark to light scenes an nd filter makes things impossible.

I in these instances would switch to an automatic mode like Shutter priority which would give me a constant 1/50 shutter at the expense of no DOF or put the camera in A mode so I get the shallow DOF but at the expense of probably high shutter speeds.

I have used rsmb pro in the edit and it works very well in normal action scenes. Yes it does struggle with a lot of action and causes smearing but to me it is another useful TOOL...and thats whats important, what tools you need to make your work easier.